Fra Diavolo, a spicy Italian-American dish, has been a staple in many Italian restaurants for decades. However, a common question arises when ordering or cooking this dish: is it Fra Diavolo or Fradiavolo? In this article, we will delve into the history of Fra Diavolo, its origins, and the correct spelling and pronunciation of this beloved dish.
A Brief History of Fra Diavolo
Fra Diavolo, which translates to “Brother Devil” in Italian, is a dish that originated in the southern region of Italy, specifically in the Campania and Apulia regions. The dish is believed to have been created in the 18th century by Italian monks, who used chili peppers to add flavor to their meals. The monks, who were known as “Fratelli” or “Brothers,” were said to have been given the nickname “Fra Diavolo” due to their spicy cooking.
The Italian-American Connection
Fra Diavolo gained popularity in the United States in the mid-20th century, particularly in Italian-American communities. The dish was often served in Italian restaurants, where it was adapted to suit American tastes. The spicy sauce, which was originally made with chili peppers, garlic, and olive oil, was modified to include tomato sauce, onions, and sometimes meat or seafood.
The Spelling and Pronunciation Debate
So, is it Fra Diavolo or Fradiavolo? The answer lies in the Italian language. In Italian, the correct spelling is “Fra Diavolo,” with a space between “Fra” and “Diavolo.” The word “Fra” is a title of respect, similar to “Brother” or “Father,” and “Diavolo” means “devil.” The correct pronunciation is “Frah dee-ah-VOH-loh,” with a emphasis on the third syllable.
The Fradiavolo Variation
The spelling “Fradiavolo” is often seen in Italian-American restaurants and cookbooks. This variation is likely due to the Italian-American pronunciation of the word, which is often pronounced as “Frah-dee-ah-VOH-loh” without the space between “Fra” and “Diavolo.” While “Fradiavolo” is not the traditional Italian spelling, it has become a widely accepted variation in Italian-American cuisine.
Cooking Fra Diavolo
Fra Diavolo is a versatile dish that can be made with a variety of ingredients, including meat, seafood, and vegetables. The key to a good Fra Diavolo is the spicy sauce, which is made with chili peppers, garlic, and olive oil. Here is a simple recipe for Fra Diavolo:
Ingredients:
- 1 pound of pasta (linguine or spaghetti work well)
- 2 tablespoons of olive oil
- 4-6 garlic cloves, minced
- 1/4 cup of chopped fresh chili peppers
- 1 can of crushed tomatoes
- 1/4 cup of white wine
- 1/4 cup of chopped fresh parsley
- Salt and pepper to taste
- Grated Parmesan cheese (optional)
Instructions:
- Cook the pasta according to the package instructions.
- In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat.
- Add the garlic and chili peppers and sauté for 2-3 minutes.
- Add the crushed tomatoes, white wine, and parsley. Stir to combine.
- Bring the sauce to a simmer and let cook for 10-15 minutes.
- Add the cooked pasta to the sauce and toss to combine.
- Season with salt and pepper to taste.
- Serve with grated Parmesan cheese, if desired.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the correct spelling and pronunciation of the spicy Italian dish is Fra Diavolo, with a space between “Fra” and “Diavolo.” However, the variation “Fradiavolo” is also widely accepted in Italian-American cuisine. Whether you prefer the traditional Italian spelling or the Italian-American variation, Fra Diavolo is a delicious and spicy dish that is sure to please even the most discerning palate.
Final Thoughts
Fra Diavolo is a dish that has been enjoyed for centuries, and its popularity shows no signs of fading. Whether you’re a foodie, a history buff, or simply a lover of spicy food, Fra Diavolo is a dish that is sure to delight. So the next time you’re at an Italian restaurant or cooking at home, be sure to try Fra Diavolo – your taste buds will thank you!
Recommended Reading:
- “The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink” by Andrew F. Smith
- “The Cambridge World History of Food” by Kenneth F. Kiple and Kriemhild Conee Ornelas
- “The Essentials of Italian Cooking” by Marcella Hazan
Recommended Restaurants:
- Carbone (New York, NY)
- Spiaggia (Chicago, IL)
- Quince (San Francisco, CA)
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What is Fra Diavolo, and where did it originate?
Fra Diavolo is a spicy Italian-American dish that originated in the southern region of Italy, particularly in the Campania and Apulia areas. The name “Fra Diavolo” translates to “Brother Devil” in Italian, which refers to the spicy kick from the peppers and hot sauce used in the recipe. The dish is believed to have been created by Italian immigrants in the United States, who adapted their traditional recipes to incorporate local ingredients and spices.
The original Fra Diavolo recipe was likely inspired by the Italian “arrabbiata” sauce, which is made with crushed tomatoes, garlic, and red pepper flakes. Over time, Italian-American chefs modified the recipe to include other ingredients, such as shrimp, chicken, or sausage, and added more hot sauce to give it an extra kick. Today, Fra Diavolo is a popular dish in Italian-American cuisine, and its variations can be found in many restaurants throughout the United States.
What is the difference between Fra Diavolo and Fradiavolo?
The difference between Fra Diavolo and Fradiavolo lies in the spelling and pronunciation of the name. “Fra Diavolo” is the more commonly used spelling, which is derived from the Italian phrase “fratello diavolo,” meaning “brother devil.” On the other hand, “Fradiavolo” is an alternative spelling that is often used in some Italian-American communities. Both spellings refer to the same spicy Italian-American dish.
Despite the difference in spelling, the recipe and ingredients used in Fra Diavolo and Fradiavolo are essentially the same. Both dishes feature a spicy tomato sauce, hot peppers, and a protein source such as shrimp or chicken. The choice between the two spellings often depends on personal preference or regional tradition. However, “Fra Diavolo” is the more widely recognized and accepted spelling in Italian-American cuisine.
What are the main ingredients in a traditional Fra Diavolo recipe?
A traditional Fra Diavolo recipe typically includes a combination of ingredients such as shrimp, garlic, hot peppers, crushed tomatoes, olive oil, and herbs like parsley and basil. The protein source can vary, with some recipes using chicken, sausage, or a combination of seafood. The hot peppers, usually red pepper flakes or sliced jalapeños, give the dish its signature spicy kick.
The sauce is typically made by sautéing the garlic and hot peppers in olive oil, then adding the crushed tomatoes and simmering the mixture until it thickens. The protein source is usually added towards the end of cooking, allowing it to absorb the flavors of the sauce. Some recipes may also include additional ingredients, such as white wine or lemon juice, to enhance the flavor and aroma of the dish.
How spicy is Fra Diavolo, and can it be made milder?
Fra Diavolo is known for its spicy kick, which comes from the hot peppers and red pepper flakes used in the recipe. The level of spiciness can vary depending on the type and amount of hot peppers used, as well as individual tolerance. On the Scoville scale, which measures the heat level of peppers, Fra Diavolo can range from moderately spicy to extremely hot.
For those who prefer a milder version, the spiciness of Fra Diavolo can be adjusted by reducing the amount of hot peppers or omitting the seeds and membranes, which contain most of the capsaicin. Additionally, some recipes may use milder peppers, such as Anaheim or bell peppers, to reduce the heat level. Alternatively, a dairy product like heavy cream or grated Parmesan cheese can be added to help neutralize the spiciness.
Can Fra Diavolo be made with other protein sources besides shrimp?
While shrimp is a traditional and popular protein source in Fra Diavolo, the dish can be made with other ingredients such as chicken, sausage, or a combination of seafood. Chicken Fra Diavolo is a common variation, where boneless chicken breasts or thighs are used instead of shrimp. Sausage, such as Italian sausage or Chorizo, can also be used to add a meaty flavor to the dish.
Other protein sources, such as scallops, mussels, or clams, can also be used in Fra Diavolo. Vegetarian and vegan versions of the dish can be made by substituting the protein source with ingredients like eggplant, zucchini, or tofu. Regardless of the protein source, the key to a good Fra Diavolo is the spicy tomato sauce, which should be flavorful and aromatic.
How is Fra Diavolo typically served, and what are some common side dishes?
Fra Diavolo is typically served as a main course, often with a side of pasta, rice, or garlic bread. The pasta is usually a long, thin shape like spaghetti or linguine, which helps to coat the noodles with the spicy sauce. Garlic bread is a classic side dish that pairs well with the bold flavors of Fra Diavolo.
Other common side dishes include a green salad, roasted vegetables, or sautéed spinach. For a more substantial meal, Fra Diavolo can be served with a side of grilled or roasted potatoes, or a caprese salad made with fresh mozzarella, tomatoes, and basil. The key is to balance the spiciness of the dish with some cooling or neutral flavors.
Can Fra Diavolo be made ahead of time, and how is it stored?
While Fra Diavolo is best served fresh, it can be made ahead of time and stored in the refrigerator or freezer. The sauce can be made a day or two in advance and refrigerated, allowing the flavors to meld together. The protein source, such as shrimp or chicken, can be cooked separately and added to the sauce just before serving.
If storing Fra Diavolo in the refrigerator, it’s best to keep it in an airtight container and consume it within a day or two. For longer storage, the dish can be frozen, either in individual portions or in a large batch. When reheating, make sure to heat the sauce to a simmer and cook the protein source until it’s heated through.